tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32229040015670154012024-02-20T00:00:01.895-08:00Perencanaan Strategis Sistem InformasiUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3222904001567015401.post-89230117903969409482020-08-30T20:57:00.004-07:002020-08-30T20:57:36.714-07:00ILMU NEGARA <p> <b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0cm;">ILMU
NEGARA</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
negara : dasarnya/ esensinya teoritis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Istilah
Ilmu negara :</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Staat leer : fak.hukum reegen
Belanda<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Die staat lehre : jerman<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Theory of the state : inggris<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Political theory : inggris.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
negara adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari ilmu yang objeknya negara.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Staat
leer : penyelidikannya bersifat umum, yaitu tentang negara-negara dilihat
abstrak, di sebut abstrak karena fenomena sosial . negara abstrak keberadaannya
di perlukan sebagai kebutuhan. Negara adalah organisasi kekuasaan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teori
bersifat umum implementasi bersifat terapan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari
segi meteri ilmu negara menyelidiki :</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian pokok dan sendi-sendi pokok negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hakikat atau sifat negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asal mula negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wujud negara dll.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karena
bersifat abstrak dan berlaku umum maka di sebut ilmu negara umum.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Istilah
lain dari ilmu negara : theorytische staats wissenchaft atau staat lehre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
kenegaraan ,contoh ilmu politik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Istilah
staats wissenschaf berbeda pengertian :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0cm;">Eropah
kontinental</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">(belanda, jerman dan indonesia
termasuk negara eropa) meyebutkan staat lehre/ilmu negara.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan <b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">anglo sexon</span></b>(amerika,inggris) menyebutkan political
science<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
anglo sexon pemahaman ilmu-ilmu kenegaraan atau staats wissenchaft.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ilmu-ilmu
kenegaraan : arti luasnnya adalah ilmu politik. Sedangkan dalam arti sempit
ialah ilmu politik itu salah satu saja ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari
tentang negara.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Menurut
Hoetink mengatakan bahwa ilmu politik itu“sosiologie van de staat”adalah membahas
pengaruh-pengaruh dari faktor-faktor kekuasaan yang reel di dalam masyarakat
terhadap pelaksanaan tugas-tugas negara reel matchts factoren.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep
ilmu politik secara umum berlaku di belanda, artinya ilmu politik di belanda
merupakan salah satu dari ilmu kenegaraan yang mempelajari pengaruh
faktor-faktor kekuasaan yang reel di dalam masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan
tugas-tugas negara.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendapat
Herman Heller : di jerman telah tumbuh suatu ilmu pengetahuan yang erat
hubungannya dengan negara, yang di bedakan dengan ilmu politik. Ilmu ini di
kenal dengan <b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Algemeine staats lehre /staats theory/ilmu
negara.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbedaan
ilmu politik dan ilmu negara :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu negara merupakan ilmu yang bersifat teoritis, oleh
karena itu bersifat bebas nilai.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan ilmu politik bersifat praktis mengadakan
penilain-penilain erhadap onjeknya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objek ilmu politik adalah negara dan kekuasaannya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemahaman ilmu politik adalah kekuasaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu negara membahas unsur-unsur statika dari negara
sedangkan ilmu politik membahas unsur dinamika.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Statika lahir dari sifat teoritis sedangkan dinamika lahir
dari aplikasi terapan teori, seni dan strategi kekuasaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu negara melukiskan dan menerangkan lembaga-lembaga
kenegaraan, sedangkan ilmu politik mengadakan analisis dari pada
aktifitas-aktifitas yang mempengaruhi tindakan-tindakan kenegaraan(political
action).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
G.Jellineck : ilmu politik sangat membutuhkan peristilahan yang tepat sehingga
terdapat peristilahan yang jelas. Sedangkan uuntuk ilmu negara secara tekhnis
dalam penggunaan istilah tidak ada masalah/tidak ada pertentangan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
politik merupakan fenomena sosial yang selalu berubah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
G.Jellineck negara di pandang dari dua sisi :</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yuridis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sosiologis.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
negara adalah teoritis dan di terapkan oleh ilmu yang bersifat praktis(ilmu
politik).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Para
sarjan di inggris dan amerika umumnya mengatakan ilmu politik mempelajari soal
kekuatan dalam masyarakat, sedangkan ahli-ahli negara yang terpengaruh oleh
jerman(eropah kontinental) bahwa ilmu politik terutama mempalajari negara
sebagai gejala hukum, tafsiran yuridis UUD dan hukum administratif.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sedangkan
untuk di negeri belanda pemahman tentang ilmu politik berada di tengah-tengan,
artinya sebagian besar dari penyelidikan dan pengajaran negara adalah dalam
rangkain ilmu hukum. Di inggris dan amerika negara itu lebih di pelajari
sebagai suatu gejala kakuatan dalam masyarakat dari aspek ekonomi, sosial,
budaya dan agama.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sumber : <a href="https://catatanhukumaaz.wordpress.com/ilmu-negara/">wordpress.com</a></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3222904001567015401.post-5541109920395314912020-05-02T09:31:00.001-07:002020-05-02T09:31:05.573-07:00Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Informasi (PSSI)<br />
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada tiga sasaran utama dari upaya penerapan SI/TI dalam suatu
organisasi. Pertama, memperbaiki efisiensi kerja dengan melakukan
otomasi berbagai proses yang mengelola informasi. Kedua, meningkatkan
keefektifan manajemen dengan memuaskan kebutuhan informasi guna pengambilan
keputusan. Ketiga, memperbaiki daya saing atau meningkatkan keunggulan
kompetitif organisasi dengan merubah gaya dan cara berbisnis (Ward and Peppard,
2002).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun sering ditemukan bahwa penerapan TI kurang berpengaruh
terhadap peningkatan kinerja dan kesuksesan bisnis organisasi maupun
peningkatan daya saing organisasi. Hal tersebut terjadi
akibat penerapan SI/TI yang hanya berfokus pada teknologinya saja.
Oleh karena itu, cara efektif untuk mendapatkan manfaat strategis dari
penerapan SI/TI adalah dengan berkonsentrasi pada kaji ulang bisnis (rethinking
business) melalui analisis masalah bisnis saat ini dan perubahan lingkungannya
serta mempertimbangkan TI sebagai bagian solusi (Earl, 1992). Permasalahan di
dalam penerapan SI/TI pada suatu organisasi dapat dikatakan
sebagai paradoks produktivitas (Roach, 1994). Dimana didalam
penerapan SI/TI sudah diimplementasikan secara baik, namun dari sisi lain
seperti halnya keamanan, sumber daya manusia, transparansi, dan
lain-lain bersifat sebaliknya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apakah proyek TI
selalu berhasil?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berapa banyak yang
berhasil?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apa yang akan terjadi?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak ada perencanaan strategis SI/TIyang baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan strategi sistem ini akan memberikan gambaran
bagaimana cara pendekatan untuk melakukan perencanaan sistem informasi
teknologi informasi secara strategis dalam perusahaan. Perencanaan strategis
sangat penting dilihat dari berbagai aspek, antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strategi Bisnis,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan Teknis
Global,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebutuhan Aplikasi dan
Infrastruktur,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber Daya Manusia,
Keuangan dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semua elemen-elemen diatas perlu dijadikan satu
sehingga rencana akhir (TI Plan)merupakan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">suatu rencana yang menyeluruh dan didukung perusahaan secara
utuh. Dalam mencapai rencana strategis yang lengkap dan efisien, seorang
perencana perlu mengetahui pendekatan-pendekatan metodologis (proven method).
Perencanaan strategis (strategic plan) harus bisa memberikan jalur migrasi
(migration path) yang bisa mengatasi kelemahan-kelemahan yang ada,
mengeksploitasi kekuatan dan memunculkan kebutuhan-kebutuhan baru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sasaran utama dari upaya penerapan SI/TI dalam suatu organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">memperbaiki efisiensi
kerja dengan melakukan otomasi berbagai proses yang
mengelola informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meningkatkan
keefektifan manajemen dengan memuaskan kebutuhan informasi guna pengambilan
keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">memperbaiki daya saing
atau meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif organisasi dengan merubah
gaya dan cara berbisnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun sering ditemukan bahwa penerapan TI kurang berpengaruh
terhadap peningkatan kinerja dan kesuksesan bisnis organisasi maupun
peningkatan daya saing organisasi. Hal tersebut terjadi akibat penerapan SI/TI
yang hanya berfokus pada teknologinya saja. Oleh karena itu, cara efektif untuk
mendapatkan manfaat strategis dari penerapan SI/TI adalah dengan berkonsentrasi
pada kaji ulang bisnis (rethinking business) melalui analisis masalah bisnis
saat ini dan perubahan lingkungannya serta mempertimbangkan TI sebagai bagian
solusi (Earl, 1992).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Permasalahan Penerapan IS/IT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Paradoks Produktifitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Investasi SI/TI masih belum berhasil memberikan manfaat yang
diharapkan kepada organisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengapa Paradoks Produktifitas Terjadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis dan
representasi data tidak menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan produktivitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Produktivitas => pembandingan output
dengan input<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output => pengukurannya sangat relatif
sifatnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input => pemakaian
TI dalam perusahaan bersifat sistemik yaitu menyebar keseluruh proses ini dan
aktivitas penunjang yang ada, sehingga sulit menentukan proporsi nilai
investasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tingginya Alokasi IT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang adil jika
investasi dalam TI hanya dibebankan pada sebuah proses atau sub sistem,
sementara kontribusi manfaat yang ada di dirasakan diberbagai proses yang lain
diperusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh kasus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengadaan investasi mesin ATM <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meningkatkan produktivitas pelayanan pada
pelanggan dibandingkan dengan petugas teller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manfaat sistemik yang
ada adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mempercepat transfer
antar rekening<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mengurangi biaya
komunikasi dan transaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meningkatkan rasa aman
pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kepuasan nasabah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada kerugian yang
muncul di area kerja lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan sebuah
aplikasi di satu departemen/ divisi berhasil meningkatkan produktivitas
karyawan yang ada di dalamnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karena produktivitas
meningkat, perusahaan dapat mengurangi jumlah karyawan pada departemen divisi
terkait dan memindahkan ke divisi lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Permasalahan lain dalam penerapan SI/TI adalah investasi SI/TI
masih belum berhasil memberikan manfaat yang diharapkan kepada organisasi (Ward
and Peppard, 2002). Pimpinan perusahaan sering dihadapkan pada kenyataan bahwa
belanja modal (capital expenditure) untuk SI/TI tidak membuahkan hasil hingga
nilai tertentu sesuai dengan besarnya investasi yang telah dilakukan.
Perusahaan menggunakan SI/TI untuk pengelolaan akuntansi dan keuangan, operasional
pemasaran, layanan pelanggan, koordinasi antar kantor cabang, perencanaan
produksi, pengendalian persediaan, mengurangi lead time, melancarkan
distribusi dan lain sebagainya. Namun tidak jelas apakah penggunaan SI/TI
semacam ini sudah secara nyata menghasilkan output yang lebih banyak (Robert
Solow dalam McCarty, 2001).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">STRATEGI SI DAN STRATEGI TI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bila kita mengharapkan agar penerapan TI optimal, dibutuhkan
suatu strategi SI/TI yang selaras dengan strategi bisnis organisasi. Hal ini
diperlukan agar investasi yang dikeluarkan untuk TI sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan
memberi manfaat yang diukur dari pencapaian tujuan dan sasaran organisasi. Earl
membedakan antara strategi SI dan TI (Earl, 1997).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strategi SI menekankan
pada penentuan aplikasi sistem informasi yang dibutuhkan rganisasi. Esensi dari
strategi SI adalah menjawab pertanyaan “apa ?”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan strategi TI
lebih menekankan pada pemilihan teknologi, infrastruktur, dan keahlian khusus
yang terkait atau menjawab pertanyaan “bagaimana ?”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagai contoh suatu organisasi menerapkan Executive
Information System pada bidang pemasaran hal ini mempengaruhi aliran
informasi vertikal dalam perusahaan. Pihak manajemen atas memiliki akses
informasi yang lebih besar dan mengurangi ketergantungan sumber informasi
terhadap manajemen menengah. Jaringan telekomunikasi sebagai aplikasi teknologi
informasi memungkinkan informasi mengalir dengan mudah dan cepat di antara
departemen dan divisi yang berbeda. Hubungan antara strategi TI, strategi SI
dan strategi bisnis terlihat pada gambar dibawah ini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS SI/TI Perencanaan strategis SI/TI
merupakan proses identifikasi portofolio aplikasi SI berbasis komputer yang
akan mendukung organisasi dalam pelaksanaan rencana bisnis dan merealisasikan
tujuan bisnisnya. Perencanaan strategis SI/TI mempelajari pengaruh SI/TI
terhadap kinerja bisnis dan kontribusi bagi organisasi dalam memilih
langkah-langkah strategis. Selain itu, perencanaan strategis SI/TI juga
menjelaskan berbagai tools, teknik, dan kerangka kerja bagi manajemen untuk
menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan strategi bisnis, bahkan mencari kesempatan
baru melalui penerapan teknologi yang inovatif (Ward & Peppard, 2002).
Gambar dibawah menunjukkan skema perencanaan strategis SI/TI Ward dan Peppard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa karakteristik dari perencanaan strategis SI/TI antara
lain adalah adanya misi utama : Keunggulan strategis atau kompetitif dan
kaitannya dengan strategi bisnis; adanya arahan dari eksekutif atau manajemen
senior dan pengguna; serta pendekatan utama berupa inovasi pengguna dan
kombinasi pengembangan bottom up dan analisa top down (Pant
& Hsu, 1995).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan strategis SI/TI merupakan proses identifikasi
portofolio aplikasi SI berbasis komputer yang akan mendukung organisasi dalam
pelaksanaan rencana bisnis dan merealisasikan tujuan bisnisnya. Perencanaan
strategis SI/TI mempelajari pengaruh SI/TI terhadap kinerja bisnis dan
kontribusi bagi organisasi dalam memilih langkah-langkah strategis. Selain itu,
perencanaan strategis SI/TI juga menjelaskan berbagai tools, teknik, dan
kerangka kerja bagi manajemen untuk menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan
strategi bisnis, bahkan mencari kesempatan baru melalui penerapan teknologi
yang inovatif (Ward & Peppard, 2002). Gambar dibawah menunjukkan skema
perencanaan strategis SI/TI Ward dan Peppard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa karakteristik dari perencanaan strategis SI/TI antara
lain adalah adanya misi utama : Keunggulan strategis atau kompetitif dan
kaitannya dengan strategi bisnis; adanya arahan dari eksekutif atau manajemen
senior dan pengguna; serta pendekatan utama berupa inovasi pengguna dan
kombinasi pengembangan bottom up dan analisa top down (Pant
& Hsu, 1995).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendekatan metodologi versi Ward and Peppard ini dimulai dari
kondisi investasi SI/TI dimasa lalu yang kurang bermanfaat bagi tujuan bisnis
organisasi dan menangkap peluang bisnis, serta fenomena meningkatkan keunggulan
kompetitif suatu organisasi karena mampu memanfaatkan SI/TI dengan maksimal.
Kurang bermanfaatnya investasi SI/TI bagi organisasi disebabkan karena
perencanaan strategis SI/TI yang lebih fokus ke teknologi, bukan berdasarkan
kebutuhan bisnis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metodologi versi ini terdiri dari tahapan masukan dan tahapan
keluaran (Ward & Peppard, 2002). Tahapan masukan terdiri dari:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis lingkungan
bisnis internal, yang mencakup aspek-aspek strategi bisnis saat ini, sasaran,
sumber daya, proses, serta budaya nilai-nilai bisnis organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis lingkungan
bisnis eksternal, yang mencakup aspek-aspek ekonomi, industri, dan iklim
bersaing perusahaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis lingkungan
SI/TI internal, yang mencakup kondisi SI/TI organisasi dari perspektif bisnis
saat ini, bagaimana kematangannya (maturity), bagaimana kontribusi terhadap
bisnis, keterampilan sumber daya manusia, sumber daya dan infrastruktur
teknologi, termasuk juga bagaimana portofolio dari SI/TI yang ada saat ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis lingkungan
SI/TI eksternal, yang mencakup tren teknologi dan peluang pemanfaatannya, serta
penggunaan SI/TI oleh kompetitor, pelanggan dan pemasok.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan tahapan keluaran merupakan bagian yang dilakukan untuk
menghasilkan suatu dokumen perencanaan strategis SI/TI yang isinya terdiri
dari:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strategi SI bisnis,
yang mencakup bagaimana setiap unit/fungsi bisnis akan memanfaatkan SI/TI untuk
mencapai sasaran bisnisnya, portofolio aplikasi dan gambaran arsitektur
informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strategi TI, yang
mencakup kebijakan dan strategi bagi pengelolaan teknologi dan sumber daya
manusia SI/TI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Strategi Manajemen
SI/TI, yang mencakup elemen-elemen umum yang diterapkan melalui organisasi,
untuk memastikan konsistensi penerapan kebijakan SI/TI yang dibutuhkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa teknik/metode analisis yang digunakan dalam perencanaan
strategis SI/TI pada metodologi ini, mencakup analisis SWOT, analisis Five
Forces Competitive, analisis Value Chain, metode Critical
Succes Factors, metode Balanced Scorecard, dan McFarlan’s
Strategic Grid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan utama perencanaan strategis informasi adalah
mempersiapkan rencana bagi pengelolaan analisis, perancangan dan pengembangan
sistem berbasis komputer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk perencanaan strategi informasi dapat dilihat
dari dua sisi yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -20.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">data, arah tinjauan
strategisnya adalah terhadap kebutuhan informasi yang dibutuhkan olehenterprise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -20.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aktivitas, arah
tinjauan strategisnya adalah dalam hal pemanfaatan teknologi untuk peningkatan
kinerja enterprise.,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Informasi (Strategic Information
System Planning/SISP) digunakan untuk mendukung strategi bisnis organisasi agar
mampu mencapai tujuan bisnisnya dengan lebih cepat. Kemampuan tersebut terkait
langsung dengan bagaimana organisasi memilih strategi, aplikasi dan kebijakan
organisasi yang tepat dengan berfokus pada Sistem Informasi/Teknologi Informasi
(SI/TI).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan Strategis SI/TI yang tepat, akan membantu organisasi
dalam mengembangkan kompetensi intinya untuk mampu bersaing dengan
kompetitor-kompetitor lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manfaat Proses Perencanaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang umum dicapai dalam proses perencanaan adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyelarasan SI/ TI
dengan bisnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Competitive
advantage melalui SI/ TI, dengan mengeksploitasi oportuniti dan melawan
ancaman dari faktor eksternal dengan menggunakan kekuatan organisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -21.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">membangun pondasi yang
rasional dan fleksibel untuk ke depannya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">membaiknya anggaran
dan penggunaan sumber daya dan kemampuan untuk mengembangkan kasus cost/
benefit untuk jangka panjang atau pembangunan infrastruktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sasaran IISP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sasaran Keseluruhan Information Strategic Planning (ISP) menurut
Roger dalam Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menentukan sasaran dan
tujuan bisnis strategis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 26.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misal pada industri manufaktur menyatakan
tujuan-tujuan seperti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengotomatisasi
pemasangan komponen secara manual,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengurangi tingkat
penolakan pelanggan sebesar 20 % dalam 9 bulan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -26.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengisolasi faktor
sukses kritis yang memungkinkan bisnis mencapai tujuan dan sasaran
tersebut. Critical Success Factors (CSF) dapat dihubungkan dengan
sasaran/tujuan individual.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Misal bentuk CSF (Critical Success
Factors) pada SI Rumah Sakit : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">motivasi dan
pelatihan pekerja atau pegawai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mesin-mesin komputer
dengan reabilitas tinggi,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rencana pelayanan
untuk menyakinkan pasien agar yakin untuk berobat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mempertimbangkan
kemungkinan pengembangan sebagai pengaruh dari peningkatan kebutuhan
bisnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -26.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menganalisis pengaruh
teknologi dan otomasi terhadap tujuan dan sasaran. Dengan menekankan pada
pertanyaan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">seberapa kritiskah
teknologi digunakan untuk mencapai sasaran bisnis?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimanakah teknologi
dapat mengubah cara bisnis dilakukan ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana bisnis harus
menyesuaikan atau memperluas sasaran atau tujuan untuk mengakomodasi teknologi
?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -26.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menganalisis informasi
yang ada untuk menentukan perannya dalam pencapaian sasaran dan tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faktor Keberhasilan ISIP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faktor yang bisa dianggap penting untuk kesuksesannya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">menggunakan orang yang
terbaik dari bisnis, fungsi SI dan penasihat eksternal -mereka memberikan
pengetahuan tak ternilai mengenai industri dan bisnis, hubungannya dengan SI/
TI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mendapatkan
antusiasme, komitmen dan keterlibatan manjamen tingkat atas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mendapatkan pemahaman
mendalam atas bisnis internal dan eksternal dan lingkungan SI/ TI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">menetapkan tujuan yang
konsisten dengan pengalman dan kedewasaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meyakinkan bahwa
bisnis meyakini rekomendasinya sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sumber : <a href="https://ahmadtaufiq135.blogspot.com/2016/03/perencanaan-strategi-sistem-informasi_12.html">blogspot.com</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0